Analysis of Factors Affecting the Length of Surface Discharge on Skins of Square Ring Resonator Frequency Selective Metamaterial Under Impulse Voltage
赵玉顺1, 崔宇豪1, 陈维江2, 于吉选3, 高俊福3
1.安徽省飞机雷电防护实验室(合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院),安徽省 合肥市 230009
2.国家电网有限公司,北京市 西城区 100031
3.中国航空工业集团济南特种结构研究所,山东省 济南市 250000
ZHAO Yushun1, CUI Yuhao1, CHEN Weijiang2, YU Jixuan3, GAO Junfu3
1. Anhui Provincial Aircraft Lightning Protection Laboratory (School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology), Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
2. State Grid Corporation of China, Xicheng District, Beijing 100031, China
3. AVIC Research Institute for Special Structures of Aeronautical Composites, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
Frequency selective metamaterials are promising advanced radome materials. Lightning shielding failure rate of this kind of metamaterial is high, which restricts its engineering application. Choosing the optimal distance between the lightning diverter strips is the key to guarantee the metamaterial electromagnetic transmission efficiency and the success rate of lightning shielding. The length of surface discharge on the skin under the impulse voltage is one of the factors determining the optimal distance between the strips. Based on the actual radome structure, this paper designed a test platform for discharge along the square ring resonator frequency selective metamaterial skin surface. The influences of grounding position, discharge times and skin material on the length of surface discharge (horizontal direction) on the skin were studied. The micro damage morphology of the skin along the surface was observed after discharge. The surface resistivity and the charge distribution on skin surface were measured. Based on the above observation and measurement results, the test results of surface discharge on the skin were analyzed. Results show that, the influence of grounding position on the length of surface discharge on the glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin skin is small. With the increase of discharge times, the length of surface discharge on the skin grows. The surface resistivity influences the length of surface discharge obviously, with the decrease of product of surface resistivity and dielectric constant, the length of surface discharge increases. It is hoped that research results could provide theoretical reference for lightning protection on metamaterial radomes.
KEY WORDS :frequency selective metamaterials;lightning shielding;surface resistivity;surface discharge length;
在频率选择超材料的蒙皮表面布置金属分流条是实现其雷电屏蔽的主要手段,但分流条密集布置会降低超材料的电磁透波效率,稀疏布置又会提高其雷电直击风险。选择最优的分流条间距是保障超材料的电磁透波率,并降低其雷电直击风险的关键。英国学者R. H. J. Cary和D. A. Conti在大量试验的基础上总结出了普通雷达罩表面的分流条布局经验公式[3],该公式中的分流条间距仅与雷达罩蒙皮厚度、蒙皮表面状态这2个因素有关,没有考虑罩体内存在的金属结构等因素,具有一定的局限性。文献[3]提出改进的分流条布局公式,根据该公式可知,雷达罩蒙皮表面单位长度的沿面放电电压、雷达罩蒙皮的击穿电压是影响分流条布置间距的因素。文献[4]考虑雷电先导下行过程中近目标物电场的时空分布特征,研究了直流升压条件下超材料的蒙皮击穿特性。频率选择超材料的蒙皮表面分流条的最佳布置间距,取决于蒙皮在发生体击穿前其表面的沿面放电长度,分流条密集布置(分流条之间的距离较短)会降低超材料雷达罩的电磁透波率,增加分流条之间的间隔可以提高超材料雷达罩的电磁透波率,同时为了保证分流条的引雷作用,希望延长超材料的蒙皮沿面放电长度。开展频率选择超材料的蒙皮沿面放电长度影响因素的研究,对超材料的雷电防护和工程化应用具有重要意义。
图17
不同接地水平间距玻纤/环氧树脂蒙皮 表面切向电场分布
Fig. 17
Tangential electric field distribution on the surface of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin skin with different grounding locations
图18
不同放电次数对应的玻纤/环氧树脂蒙皮 表面电阻率和表面碳元素重量百分比
Fig. 18
Surface resistivity and Carbon weight percentage of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin skin with different discharge times
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