基金项目:
四川省科技计划(应用基础面上项目)(19YYJC0698);
国家重点研发计划(2017YFB1201003-019);
国家自然科学基金项目(61473238);
Project Supported by Science and Technology Plan of Sichuan Province (Application Foundation Project)(19YYJC0698);
National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFB1201003-019);
National Natural Science Foundation of China (61473238);
For striking a balance between fuel economy and durability of fuel cell hybrid power systems, this paper presents a layered energy management method based on Pontryagin Minimum Principle and the satisfactory optimization theory. Aiming at optimizing fuel economy and durability, the proposed method designs layered energy management with hard constraints on the first-level, satisfactory optimization on the second-level and optimal control on the third-level to achieve effective distribution of load power. Through the simulation test under the real driving cycle, the comparison with the traditional energy management method based on Pontryagin Minimum Principle proves that the proposed energy management method can effectively maintain the low level of hydrogen consumption, and can reduce the output power fluctuation rate of the fuel cell power generation system, which (results) in effectively improves fuel cell durability and prolongs its service life.
KEY WORDS :fuel cell hybrid system;layered energy management strategy;satisfactory optimization;Pontryagin minimum principle;
电容混合动力系统中,取得了较好的成果[17]。清华大学徐梁飞等人采用PMP控制方法,通过仿真实现了插电式燃料电池混合动力大巴车上的应用,并在同一模型上对比了DP和CDCS策略,证明了PMP方法的优越性[18]。重庆大学秦大同等人基于插电式混合动力汽车将发动机的瞬时油耗拟合成由一次函数和二次函数组成的分段函数形式,将电池瞬时等效油耗拟合成由2个二次函数组成的分段函数形式,在此基础上,通过对 Hamilton 函数的分析,提出使用“五点法”来缩短寻优时间的近似极小值原理实时控制策略[19]。张承宁等人针对某増程式电动校车设计了一种基于极小值原理的在线能量管理控制策略,分析了其能实现SOC维持控制的机理,并基于Matlab仿真环境和部件实验数据搭建了高保真度的前向仿真模型[20]。Xu Liangfei等通过应用PMP控制方法,设置了燃料电池启停机、正常运行模式及故障态的控制策略,优化了燃料电池车辆的燃料经济性[21]。
上述能量管理策略的目标通常设定为氢耗量以提高系统经济性,而忽视了耐久性,对于二者的兼顾性较差。为兼顾经济性和耐久性,本文提出一种基于庞特里亚金极小值原理满意优化的燃料电池混合动力系统分层能量管理方法(pontryagin minimum principle based on satisfactory optimization,SOPMP),采用满意优化原则提高并优化电源的耐久性,采用庞特里亚金极小值原理提高系统的经济性,并对负荷功率进行有效分配。本文实验室研发的燃料电池/蓄电池混合动力观光实验车作为原型,以实测工况为对象,通过实验的方法实现了基于SOPMP方法的能量管理,并与PMP进行了功率波动率及氢耗量的对比。
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