Summary and Prospect of Operation Control and Application Method for Battery Energy Storage Systems
李相俊, 王上行, 惠东
新能源与储能运行控制国家重点实验室(中国电力科学研究院),北京市 海淀区 100192
LI Xiangjun, WANG Shangxing, HUI Dong
State Key Laboratory of Control and Operation of Renewable Energy and Storage Systems(China Electric Power Research Institute), Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China
In recent years, with the rapid development of battery energy storage industry, China's battery energy storage technology has gradually shown the characteristic and trend that large-scale integration and distributed applications coexist with multi-objective collaborating. Based on the analysis of the development status of battery energy storage system (BESS) in our country and abroad, the paper introduces the application scenarios such as mitigating power output fluctuation and following output plan at renewable energy generation side, power grid frequency adjustment, power flow optimization at power transmission side, and distributed and mobile energy storage system at power distribution side. The researches and application status of BESS in recent years are reviewed. The operation control method and application scenes of large-scale BESS are also prospected in the paper.
KEY WORDS :battery energy storage system;energy storage integration and application;new energy grid;multi-objective collaborative control;battery energy management system;
传统小规模电池储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)因其容量有限往往只能应用于分布式新能源发电并网的功率输出平抑[9],然而随着电池储能规模的不断增大,十兆瓦级甚至百兆瓦级电池储能系统的出现能够对电网安全稳定运行起到更多的积极作用。而随着电动汽车以及智能交通产业的高速发展,移动式储能在配电网能量优化管理等方面也将扮演更加重要的角色[10-11]。在上述背景下,大规模集成与分布式应用并存的储能系统将存在着多种应用模式和多样化应用目标,如何保证集中/分布式新能源高效平稳电力送出的同时,兼顾储能电站在新能源并网支持、电网安全控制辅助方面的积极作用,实现多目标、多层次的协同优化控制与高效运行维护是未来电池储能系统发展的重要目标。为此,本文将在分析国内外电池储能电站发展现状的基础上,对国内外电池储能系统在新能源发电侧、输电侧、配用电侧的多方面应用研究成果及发展现状进行综述,并对未来大规模电池储能电站的关键技术、应用前景和运行模式等做出展望。
关于电池储能系统平滑新能源发电应用,国内外开展了许多理论方法研究与分析验证。文献[15]对储能平抑新能源发电做了详细的综述,认为储能类型的选取、储能系统的功率和容量配置、波动平抑控制算法以及储能系统能量管理是储能系统应用于新能源发电平抑时需要重点考虑的4个方面。该文献较为全面的综述了储能平滑新能源发电的研究现状。而文献[16-17]则从实际工程出发,对风光储系统中储能装置对风电和光伏出力的平抑过程从储能集成架构、算法原理和能量管理系统等角度做出了详细的分析,验证了所提出就地控制与协同控制相结合的能量管理系统在平抑新能源发电方面的有效性。如何在平滑新能源出力波动的同时考虑储能单元充放电特性,保障电池的健康稳定运行则是大规模电池储能系统经济运行的必要条件。文献[18-19]针对风电、光伏大规模集中接入电网引起的功率波动问题,分别基于模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)和波动率智能化分段控制平滑时间常数提出了相应的储能系统控制策略,且在控制过程中均引入电池充电状态(state of charge,SOC)等参数,以确保储能单元的健康和稳定。
如何构建含电池储能系统的网络潮流优化模型是该领域的研究重点。为此,众多文献以网络传输经济性等为目标,对不同的储能并网系统进行了建模和求解。文献[45]针对含高压直流输电线路(high voltage direct current transmission,HVDC)的火风光储混合能源系统,以全网经济性最优为目标,提出了一种基于GAME理论的新型功率分配调整调度策略,通过建立惩罚函数,构建了储能系统与其他发电系统的潮流分配策略,实现了潮流在全网范围内的最优经济分配。文献[46]提出一种包含电池储能和统一潮流控制器(unified power flow controller,UPFC)的网络潮流优化模型,所求解控制器可在实现有功电源的最优容量的同时获取线路最小化功率传输角,实现了最经济的有功电源功率调度。文献[47]针对含风电的储能并网系统,在建立储能系统细化模型的基础上,提出了一种含储能系统经济调度的滚动优化思路,构造了考虑规模化储能系统的多时段最优潮流模型,并对剩余能量约束进行了松弛与自适应调整。上述文献对具有某一典型特征的含储能并网系统进行了较好的建模分析,如何结合实际复杂大规模电力系统考虑不同接入方式的储能装置进行建模分析却有待进一步深入。
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